#ifndef DS_EXCEPTIONS_H
#define DS_EXCEPTIONS_H
class UnderflowException { };
class IllegalArgumentException { };
class ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException { };
class IteratorOutOfBoundsException { };
class IteratorMismatchException { };
class IteratorUninitializedException { };
#endif
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
// BinarySearchTree class
//
// CONSTRUCTION: zero parameter
//
// ******************PUBLIC OPERATIONS*********************
// void insert( x ) --> Insert x
// void remove( x ) --> Remove x
// bool contains( x ) --> Return true if x is present
// Comparable findMin( ) --> Return smallest item
// Comparable findMax( ) --> Return largest item
// boolean isEmpty( ) --> Return true if empty; else false
// void makeEmpty( ) --> Remove all items
// void printTree( ) --> Print tree in sorted order
// ******************ERRORS********************************
// Throws UnderflowException as warranted
template <typename Comparable>
class BinarySearchTree
{
public:
BinarySearchTree( ) : root{ nullptr }
{
}
/**
* Copy constructor
*/
BinarySearchTree( const BinarySearchTree & rhs ) : root{ nullptr }
{
root = clone( rhs.root );
}
/**
* Move constructor
*/
BinarySearchTree( BinarySearchTree && rhs ) : root{ rhs.root }
{
rhs.root = nullptr;
}
/**
* Destructor for the tree
*/
~BinarySearchTree( )
{
makeEmpty( );
}
/**
* Copy assignment
*/
BinarySearchTree & operator=( const BinarySearchTree & rhs )
{
BinarySearchTree copy = rhs;
std::swap( *this, copy );
return *this;
}
/**
* Move assignment
*/
BinarySearchTree & operator=( BinarySearchTree && rhs )
{
std::swap( root, rhs.root );
return *this;
}
/**
* Find the smallest item in the tree.
* Throw UnderflowException if empty.
*/
const Comparable & findMin( ) const
{
if( isEmpty( ) )
throw UnderflowException{ };
return findMin( root )->element;
}
/**
* Find the largest item in the tree.
* Throw UnderflowException if empty.
*/
const Comparable & findMax( ) const
{
if( isEmpty( ) )
throw UnderflowException{ };
return findMax( root )->element;
}
/**
* Returns true if x is found in the tree.
*/
bool contains( const Comparable & x ) const
{
return contains( x, root );
}
/**
* Test if the tree is logically empty.
* Return true if empty, false otherwise.
*/
bool isEmpty( ) const
{
return root == nullptr;
}
/**
* Print the tree contents in sorted order.
*/
void printTree( ostream & out = cout ) const
{
if( isEmpty( ) )
out << "Empty tree" << endl;
else
printTree( root, out );
}
/**
* Make the tree logically empty.
*/
void makeEmpty( )
{
makeEmpty( root );
}
/**
* Insert x into the tree; duplicates are ignored.
*/
void insert( const Comparable & x )
{
insert( x, root );
}
/**
* Insert x into the tree; duplicates are ignored.
*/
void insert( Comparable && x )
{
insert( std::move( x ), root );
}
/**
* Remove x from the tree. Nothing is done if x is not found.
*/
void remove( const Comparable & x )
{
remove( x, root );
}
private:
struct BinaryNode
{
Comparable element;
BinaryNode *left;
BinaryNode *right;
BinaryNode( const Comparable & theElement, BinaryNode *lt, BinaryNode *rt )
: element{ theElement }, left{ lt }, right{ rt } { }
BinaryNode( Comparable && theElement, BinaryNode *lt, BinaryNode *rt )
: element{ std::move( theElement ) }, left{ lt }, right{ rt } { }
};
BinaryNode *root;
/**
* Internal method to insert into a subtree.
* x is the item to insert.
* t is the node that roots the subtree.
* Set the new root of the subtree.
*/
void insert( const Comparable & x, BinaryNode * & t )
{
if( t == nullptr )
t = new BinaryNode{ x, nullptr, nullptr };
else if( x < t->element )
insert( x, t->left );
else if( t->element < x )
insert( x, t->right );
else
; // Duplicate; do nothing
}
/**
* Internal method to insert into a subtree.
* x is the item to insert.
* t is the node that roots the subtree.
* Set the new root of the subtree.
*/
void insert( Comparable && x, BinaryNode * & t )
{
if( t == nullptr )
t = new BinaryNode{ std::move( x ), nullptr, nullptr };
else if( x < t->element )
insert( std::move( x ), t->left );
else if( t->element < x )
insert( std::move( x ), t->right );
else
; // Duplicate; do nothing
}
/**
* Internal method to remove from a subtree.
* x is the item to remove.
* t is the node that roots the subtree.
* Set the new root of the subtree.
*/
void remove( const Comparable & x, BinaryNode * & t )
{
if( t == nullptr )
return; // Item not found; do nothing
if( x < t->element )
remove( x, t->left );
else if( t->element < x )
remove( x, t->right );
else if( t->left != nullptr && t->right != nullptr ) // Two children
{
t->element = findMin( t->right )->element;
remove( t->element, t->right );
}
else
{
BinaryNode *oldNode = t;
t = ( t->left != nullptr ) ? t->left : t->right;
delete oldNode;
}
}
/**
* Internal method to find the smallest item in a subtree t.
* Return node containing the smallest item.
*/
BinaryNode * findMin( BinaryNode *t ) const
{
if( t == nullptr )
return nullptr;
if( t->left == nullptr )
return t;
return findMin( t->left );
}
/**
* Internal method to find the largest item in a subtree t.
* Return node containing the largest item.
*/
BinaryNode * findMax( BinaryNode *t ) const
{
if( t != nullptr )
while( t->right != nullptr )
t = t->right;
return t;
}
/**
* Internal method to test if an item is in a subtree.
* x is item to search for.
* t is the node that roots the subtree.
*/
bool contains( const Comparable & x, BinaryNode *t ) const
{
if( t == nullptr )
return false;
else if( x < t->element )
return contains( x, t->left );
else if( t->element < x )
return contains( x, t->right );
else
return true; // Match
}
/****** NONRECURSIVE VERSION*************************
bool contains( const Comparable & x, BinaryNode *t ) const
{
while( t != nullptr )
if( x < t->element )
t = t->left;
else if( t->element < x )
t = t->right;
else
return true; // Match
return false; // No match
}
*****************************************************/
/**
* Internal method to make subtree empty.
*/
void makeEmpty( BinaryNode * & t )
{
if( t != nullptr )
{
makeEmpty( t->left );
makeEmpty( t->right );
delete t;
}
t = nullptr;
}
/**
* Internal method to print a subtree rooted at t in sorted order.
*/
void printTree( BinaryNode *t, ostream & out ) const
{
if( t != nullptr )
{
printTree( t->left, out );
out << t->element << endl;
printTree( t->right, out );
}
}
/**
* Internal method to clone subtree.
*/
BinaryNode * clone( BinaryNode *t ) const
{
if( t == nullptr )
return nullptr;
else
return new BinaryNode{ t->element, clone( t->left ), clone( t->right ) };
}
public:
unsigned long long getHash() const {
unsigned long long hash = 0;
vector<BinaryNode*> stack;
BinaryNode* curr = root;
unsigned long long mod = 1e9 + 7;
unsigned long long factor = 1;
while (curr != nullptr || !stack.empty()) {
while (curr != nullptr) {
hash = (hash * factor + std::hash<Comparable>{}(curr->element)) % mod;
factor = (factor * std::hash<Comparable>{}(curr->element)) % 31;
stack.push_back(curr);
curr = curr->left;
}
curr = stack.back();
stack.pop_back();
curr = curr->right;
}
return hash;
}
};